Antitrust Regulation on a Federal level is primarily governed by
three different statutes: the Sherman Antitrust Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act,
Robinson-Patman Act of 1936. Antitrust violations arise out of the following:

a) Horizontal or vertical price fixing arrangement;

b) Collusive bidding;

c) A tying arrangement;

d) Refusals to deal with another firm; and

e) Below cost pricing or predatory pricing.

All of these types of arrangements involve heavy issues of intent.
Courts apply a rule of reason and per se violation rule to these types of
claims. However, there are certain common exemptions, such as for patent
owners, labor unions and agricultural organizations.

If you have any concerns or questions relating to these matters,
then please feel free to contact our office.